What is Constipation?
Constipation is the difficult passage of small amounts of hard, dry stools, usually fewer than three times a week. Constipation occurs with the excessive dehydration of the stool, primarily because of slow movement through the colon for various reasons. The truth is, most people pass stools anywhere from three times per day to three times per week.
Common Causes of Constipation
Constipation can be caused by lack of exercise, inadequate fluid intake, poor diet and a diet lacking in fiber. Certain medications may cause constipation (narcotic pain medications, iron, diuretics and certain types of antacids, antispasmodics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants). Abuse of laxatives may cause constipation. Certain medical conditions including irritable bowel syndrome, multiple sclerosis, lupus, diabetes and thyroid disorders may also contribute to constipation. Problems with the rectum and colon including colon cancer with obstruction, anal fissures and hemorrhoids. Changes in life or routine such as pregnancy, traveling and old age may all contribute to constipation.
Common symptoms of constipation include painful and/or difficult bowel movements or passing small quantities of hard, dry stools. Lower abdominal pain and bloating.
Prevention and Treatment of Constipation
Regular exercise, adequate fluid intake and a fiber-rich diet are all very important in the prevention of constipation.
Varying types of laxatives on a short term basis may help relieve mild episodes of constipation. Different types of laxatives include: stimulant laxatives, bulk-forming laxatives, saline laxatives, stool softeners and lubricating laxatives
Enemas are useful to treat relapses in patients on long-term therapy. Patients prescribed certain medications known to cause constipation should be notified of the potential problem and counseled on the possible need for laxative use.
